Desentralisasi Asimetris dan Dinamika Pariwisata Berkelanjutan di Provinsi DIY dan Provinsi DKI Jakarta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51977/e1q82s37Kata Kunci:
Desentralisasi Asimetris, Otonomi Khusus, Pariwisata Berkelanjutan, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Daerah Khusus Ibukota JakartaAbstrak
Artikel ini mengkaji bagaimana desain desentralisasi asimetris yang berbeda di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) dan Provinsi Daerah Khusus Ibukota (DKI) Jakarta menghasilkan dinamika tata kelola pariwisata yang berbeda, namun menghadapi satu tantangan struktural yang sama. Provinsi DIY memperoleh keistimewaan berbasis nilai budaya melalui UU No. 13/2012, sementara Provinsi DKI Jakarta memperoleh kewenangan khusus berbasis fungsi metropolitan melalui UU No. 29/2007. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif, artikel ini menemukan bahwa meskipun kedua daerah memiliki kerangka hukum yang kuat, efektivitas kewenangan asimetris dalam membentuk tata kelola pariwisata berkelanjutan masih terhambat oleh dominasi pusat pada destinasi strategis, lemahnya kolaborasi multipihak, dan ketidakselarasan antara narasi keistimewaan dengan implementasi kebijakan. Artikel ini mengajukan tipologi dua model asimetri, yakni model kultural pada Provinsi DIY dan model metropolitan pada Provinsi DKI Jakarta, beserta implikasinya terhadap keberlanjutan dan resiliensi pariwisata.
This article examines how differing asymmetric decentralization designs in the Special Region of Yogyakarta and Special Capital Region of Jakarta produce distinct tourism governance dynamics while facing the same structural challenge. Yogyakarta holds cultural-value-based privileges under Law No. 13/2012, while Jakarta holds metropolitan-function-based special authority under Law No. 29/2007. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach, this article finds that despite strong legal frameworks, the effectiveness of asymmetric authority in shaping sustainable tourism governance remains constrained by central government dominance over strategic destinations, weak multi-stakeholder collaboration, and misalignment between the rhetoric of special status and policy implementation. The article proposes a typology of two asymmetry models, namely the cultural model for Yogyakarta and the metropolitan model for Jakarta, along with their implications for tourism sustainability and resilience.
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