Gambaran Kebiasaan Tidur Anak Usia Sekolah

  • Eka Wahyuningrum STIKES St Elisabeth Semarang
  • Natalia R Yulianti STIKES St Elisabeth Semarang
  • Andri K Gayatina STIKES St Elisabeth Semarang
Keywords: CSHQ, School Children, Sleep Habits, Sleep

Abstract

Tidur merupakan kebutuhan anak usia sekolah yang dipengaruhi lingkungan dan budaya. Tidur yang tidak tercukupi menimbulkan masalah kognitif maupun perilaku. Di Semarang belum didapatkan gambaran kebiasaan tidur anak usia sekolah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran kebiasaan tidur anak usia sekolah. Metode penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah Anak SD Kristen Imanuel Semarang. Tehnik sampling penelitian ini total sampling dan mendapatkan 41 responden yang memenuhi kriteria. Pengukuran pola kebiasaan tidur menggunakan alat ukur Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) yang dimodifikasi. Hasil penelitian terdapat variasi kebiasaan tidur anak usia sekolah. Responden beragama Kristen (70,7%), berjenis kelamin laki-laki (53,7%), mulai tidur pukul 20:00-21:00 (68,3%), bangun pagi pukul 05:00-06:00 WIB (58,5%) dan durasi tidur 8 jam (63,5%) dan waktu yang diperlukan beranjak dari tempat tidur 5-10 menit (78%). Berdasarkan pendapat orangtua, anak bangun terlalu siang (48.8%) dan anak selalu cukup tidur (85.4%). anak tidak pernah menggunakan boneka saat tidur (48,8%), anak tidak pernah menggunakan selimut saat tidur (46,3%), anak “kadang-kadang” tidur siang (58,5%) dan lama tidur siang 2 jam (58,5%). Masalah perilaku yang muncul, orangtua menyatakan ”kadang-kadang” anak mengompol pada malam hari (12.2%), dan “kadang-kadang” tidur pada jam yang sama setiap hari (53.7%), “kadang-kadang” malas bangun (70%) dan anak “kadang-kadang” terlihat mengantuk di kelas (11.8%). Hasil Penelitian ini menyarankan penelitian lebihlanjut tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kebiasaan tidur anak.

Kata Kunci: Anak Usia Sekolah, CSHQ, Kebiasaan Tidur, Tidur

 

ABSTRACT

Sleep is a necessity for school-age children that influenced by the environment and culture. Insufficiency of sleep causes cognitive and behavioral problems. In Semarang, there is no description of sleep habits of school-age children. This study aims to describe children’s sleep habits especially in school-age children. Research method of this study is an observational descriptive study. The population in this study was SD Kristen Imanuel, Semarang. The research sampling technique was total sampling and obtained 41 respondents who met the criteria. Measurement of sleep habits patterns using a modified Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). Results:There are variations in sleep habits of school-age children. Respondents who were Christian (70.7%), male sex (53.7%), began sleeping between 8:00 - 9:00 p.m. (68.3%), waking up at 5:00 - 06: 00 a.m (58.5%) and 8 hours sleep duration (63.5%) and the time taken from bed was 5-10 minutes (78%). Based on the opinions of parents, children wake up too late (48.8%) and children always get sufficient sleep (85.4%). children never use dolls during sleep (48.8%), children never use blankets during sleep (46.3%), children "sometimes" take a nap (58.5%) and take a nap for 2 hours (58 , 5%). About behavioral problems, parents say "sometimes" children wet their bed at night (12.2%), and "sometimes" sleep at the same hour every day (53.7%), "sometimes" are lazy to get up (70% ) and children "sometimes" look sleepy in class (11.8%). It is recommended research for analyzing factors that influencing sleep habits in child.

Keywords:CSHQ, School Children, Sleep Habits, Sleep



Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Amintehran, E., Ghalehbaghi, B., Asghari, A., Jalilolghadr, S., Ahmadvand, A., & Foroughi, F. (2013). High Prevalence of Sleep Problems in School- and Preschool-aged Children in Tehran : a Population Based Study, 23(1), 45–52.

Ann, B., Metcalfe, P., Koop, P., & Moore, K. (2013). Urinary incontinence and quality of life in children. Journal of Pediatric Urology, 9(1), 78–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2011.12.005

Astill, R. G., Heidjen, K. B. V. d, IJzendoorn, M. H. V, & Someren, E. J. W. (2012). Sleep , Cognition , and Behavioral Problems in School-Age Children : A Century of Research Meta-Analyzed. Psycological Buletin, 138(6), 1109–1138.

Bathory, E., & Tomopoulos, S. (2017). Sleep Regulation, Physiology and Development, Sleep Duration and Patterns, and Sleep Hygiene in Infants, Toddlers, and Preschool-Age Children. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2016.12.001

Belísio, A. S., Louzada, F. M., & Azevedo, C. V. M. De. (2010). Influence of social factors on the sleep-wake cycle in children. Sleep Science, 3(2), 122–126.

Cohen-zrubavel, V., Kushnir, B., Kushnir, J., & Sadeh, A. (2011). Sleep and Sleepiness in Children with Nocturnal Enuresis. Sleep, 34(2), 191–194.

Crosby, B., Lebourgeois, M. K., & Harsh, J. (2010). Racial Differences in Report Napping and Nocturnal Sleep in 2-To8-Year-Old Children, 115, 225–232. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2004-0815D.Racial

Gupta, R., Dutt, S., Goel, D., Mittal, N., & Dhyani, M. (2016). Sleep-patterns , co-sleeping and parent ’ s perception of sleep among school children : Comparison of domicile and gender. Sleep Science, 9(3), 192–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.slsci.2016.07.003

Harmoniati, E. D., Sekartini, R., Gunardi, H., Ilmu, D., Anak, K., Kedokteran, F., … Gunardi, H. (2016). Intervensi Sleep Hygiene pada Anak Usia Sekolah dengan Gangguan Tidur: Sebuah Penelitian Awal. Sari Pediatri, 18(2), 93–99.

Hartini, S., Sunartini, Herini, S. E., & Takada, S. (2017). Item analysis and internal consistency of children’s sleep habit questionnaire (CSHQ) in Indonesia version. Belitung Nursing Journal, 3(6), 645–655.

Hochadel, J., Frolich, J., Wiater, A., Lehmkuhl, G., & Oerkermann, L. F. (2013). Prevalence of Sleep Problems and Relationship between Sleep Problems and School Refusal Behavior in School-Aged Children in Children ’ s and Parents ’ Ratings. Psychopathology, 47, 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1159/000345403

Hollan, D. (2013). Sleeping, dreaming, and health in rural Indonesia and the urban U.S.: A cultural and experiential approach. Social Science and Medicine, 79(1), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.05.006

Jones, C., & Ball, H. L. (2013). Napping in English preschool children and the association with parents’ attitudes. Sleep Medicine, 14(4), 352–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2012.12.010

Kiddoo, D. A. (2012). Practice Nocturnal enuresis. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal de l’Association Medicale Canadienne, 184(8), 908–910. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.111652

Komada, Y., Asaoka, S., Abe, T., Matsuura, N., Kagimura, T., Shirakawa, S., & Inoue, Y. (2012). Relationship between napping pattern and nocturnal sleep among Japanese nursery school children. Sleep Medicine, 13(1), 107–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2011.10.017

Kurdziel, L., Duclos, K., & Spencer, R. M. C. (2013). Sleep spindles in midday naps enhance learning in preschool children. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(43), 17267–17272. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1306418110

Lam, J., Mahone, E. M., Mason, T., & Schart, S. (2011). The effects of napping on cognitive function in preschoolers. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 32(2), 90–97. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0b03e318207ecc7

Leong, C. S. U., Kwok, T., & Wong, S. (2011). Factors Influencing the Sleep Behavior of Primary School-aged Children in Macao. International Journal of Nursing Science, 1(May), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.nursing.20110101.01

Mindell, J. A., Sadeh, A., Kwon, R., & Goh, D. Y. T. (2013). Cross-cultural differences in the sleep of preschool children. Sleep Medicine, 14(12), 1283–1289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.09.002

Mohammed, A. H., Saleh, A. G., & Zoheiry, I. Al. (2014). Frequency of bedwetting among primary school children in Benha city , Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics, 15(3), 287–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmhg.2014.01.005
National Sleep Foundation. (2019). Children and Sleep. Retrieved from https://www.sleepfoundation.org/articles/children-and-sleep

Owens, J. A., Jones, C., & Nash, R. (2011). Caregivers’ knowledge, behavior, and attitudes regarding healthy sleep in young children. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 7(4), 345–350. https://doi.org/10.5664/JCSM.1186

Permatasari, R. C., Rukmi, R., Perdani, W., & Bustomi, E. C. (2018). Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana Enuresis Pediatri Diagnostic and Management of Pediatric Enuresis. Majority, 7(2), 283–287.

Setiowati, E. A. (2012). Studi Kasus: Dampak Psikososial Enuresis pada Remaja Putri. Proyeksi, 7(1), 99–108.

Syafa’at, A. (2015). Gambaran Gangguan Pola Tidur pada Anak Usia 9-12 tahun di SD Pisangan 3 pada tahun 2015. Universitas Islam Negeri. Retrieved from http://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/bitstream/123456789/37808/1/ARIF SYAFA%27AT-FKIK.pdf

Touchette, É., Mongrain, V., Petit, D., Tremblay, R. E., & Montplaisir, J. Y. (2008). Development of sleep-wake schedules during childhood and relationship with sleep duration. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 162(4), 343–349. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.162.4.343

Wahyuningrum, E., Rahmat, I., & Hartini, S. (2018). Effect of Health Education of Sleep Hygiene on Sleep Problems in Preschoolers. Belitung Nursing Journal, 4(1), 68–75.

Wang, G., Xu, G., Liu, Z., Lu, N., Ma, R., & Zhang, E. (2013). Sleep patterns and sleep disturbances among Chinese school-aged children: Prevalence and associated factors. Sleep Medicine, 14(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2012.09.022

Watamura, S. E., Donzella, B., Kertes, D. A., & Gunnar, M. R. (2003). Developmental Changes in Baseline Cortisol Activity in Early Childhood : Relations with Napping and Effortful Control. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.20026

Zahara, D. S. (2013). Hubungan antara gangguan tidur dengan pertumbuhan pada anak usia 3-6 tahun di kota Semarang. Media Medika Muda. Semarang.
Published
2019-09-15
How to Cite
Wahyuningrum, E., R Yulianti, N., & K Gayatina, A. (2019). Gambaran Kebiasaan Tidur Anak Usia Sekolah. Jurnal Keperawatan BSI, 7(2), 1-10. Retrieved from https://ejurnal.ars.ac.id/index.php/keperawatan/article/view/97