Efektivitas Terapi Bermain terhadap tingkat kecemasan anak yang menjalani hospitalisasi
Keywords:
Kata Kunci: Anak, Hospitalisasi, Kecemasan, Terapi Bermain
Abstract
Hospitalisasi mungkin bisa menjadi hal yang tidak nyaman bagi orang dewasa. Namun, untuk pasien anak-anak, hal ini bisa saja sangat traumatis. Penggambaran rumah sakit, suasana serta ketidaktahuan akan apa yang akan dilakukan dokter terhadap mereka bisa membuat anak stres dan menjadi cemas. Untuk itu diperlukan suatu kegiatan untuk mengalihkan rasa cemas mereka. Studi Literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas terapi bermain terhadap penurunan tingkat kecemasan hospitalisasi pada anak. Metode dalam penelusuran artikel menggunakan beberapa database seperti PubMed dan EBSCO dan menggunakan kata kunci Anxiety OR Anxiety Disorder AND Play Therapy OR Play Intervention AND Pediatric, artikel dalam periode tahun 2016 - 2020. Hasil penelusuran didapatkan 141 artikel mengenai intervensi kecemasan pada anak, namun hanya 7 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil studi literatur menunjukan terapi bermain efektif dalam menurunkan tingkat kecemasan dalam beberapa kasus keperawatan. Kesimpulan dari analisa 7 artikel bahwa terapi bermain merupakan instrumen terapeutik yang efektif memungkinkan anak-anak mengembangkan keterampilan pemecahan masalah, memperoleh keterampilan koping yang sesuai, dan membantu mereka untuk berinteraksi secara dinamis dengan lingkungan sosialnya.
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References
Hadi, Y. M. W., Munir, Z., & Siam, W. N. (2020). Efektifitas Penerapan Metode Family-Centered Care terhadap Pasien Anak dengan Stress Hospitalisasi. Citra Delima: Jurnal Ilmiah STIKES Citra Delima Bangka Belitung, 3(2), 106-109. DOI:https://doi.org/10.33862/citradelima.v3i2.69
Padila, P., Agusramon, A., & Yera, Y. (2019). Terapi Story Telling dan Menonton Animasi Kartun terhadap Ansietas. Journal of Telenursing (JOTING), 1(1), 51-66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31539/joting.v1i1.514
Putri, D. K. (2017). Pengaruh Terapi Bermain terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan Anak Akibat Hospitalisasi pada Anak Usia Pra Sekolah di Bangsal Melati RSUD Dr. Soedirman Kebumen. Doctoral dissertation, STIKES Muhammadiyah Gombong. Diakses dari http://elib.stikesmuhgombong.ac.id/id/eprint/577
Mulyanti, S., & Kusmana, T. (2018). Pengaruh Terapi Bermain Terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan Anak Usia Prasekolah Akibat Hospitalisasi di RSUD Dr. Soekardjo Kota Tasikmalaya. Jurnal BIMTAS: Jurnal Kebidanan Umtas, 2(1), 20-26. Diakses dari https://www.journal.umtas.ac.id/index.php/bimtas/article/view/333
Saputro, H., & Fazrin, I. (2017). Anak Sakit Wajib Bermain di Rumah Sakit: Penerapan Terapi Bermain Anak Sakit; Proses, Manfaat dan Pelaksanaannya. Ponorogo: Forum Ilmiah Kesehatan (FORIKES). ISBN : 978 - 602- 1081 - 44 - 0
Hidayat, A. N., & Asti, A. D. (2019). Terapi Boneka Tangan untuk Menurunkan Ansietas Anak karena Efek Hospitalisasi. Proceeding of The URECOL, 63-68. Diakses dari http://repository.urecol.org/index.php/proceeding/article/view/834
Putri, A. A. L. (2019). Penerapan Terapi Bermain Lego pada Anak Usia Prasekolah yang Mengalami Broncopneumonia dengan Masalah Keperawatan Ansietas Di Ruang D2 RSAL SURABAYA. Undergraduate Thesis, Universitas Nahdatul Ulama Surabaya. Diakses dari http://digilib.unusa.ac.id/data_pustaka-22744.html
Al-Yateem, N, Brenner, M., Shorrab, A. A., & Docherty, C. (2016). Play distraction versus pharmacological treatment to reduce anxiety levels in children undergoing day surgery: a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. Child: Care, Health and Development, 42(4), 572–581. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12343
Al-Yateem, Nabeel, & Brenner, M. (2017). Validation of the Short State Trait Anxiety Inventory (Short STAI) Completed by Parents to Explore Anxiety Levels in Children. Comprehensive Child & Adolescent Nursing, 40(1), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/24694193.2016.1241836
Bumin Aydın, G., Yüksel, S., Ergil, J., Polat, R., Akelma, F. K., Ekici, M., … Odabaş, Ö. (2017). The effect of play distraction on anxiety before premedication administration: a randomized trial. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, 36, 27–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.04.044
CDC. 2020. Anxiety and Depression in Children. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/childrensmentalhealth/depression.html
Coşkuntürk, A. E., & Gözen, D. (2018). The Effect of Interactive Therapeutic Play Education Program on Anxiety Levels of Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery and Their Mothers. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing : Official Journal of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses, 33(6), 781–789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2017.07.009
Kozlowski, J. L., Lusk, P., & Melnyk, B. M. (2015). Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Management of Child Anxiety in a Rural Primary Care Clinic With the Evidence-Based COPE Program. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 29(3), 274–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2015.01.009
Li, W. H. C., Chung, J. O. K., Ho, K. Y., & Kwok, B. M. C. (2016). Play interventions to reduce anxiety and negative emotions in hospitalized children. BMC Pediatrics, 16, 36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-016-0570-5
Liu, P. P., Sun, Y., Wu, C., Xu, W. H., Zhang, R. D., Zheng, J. J., … Wu, J. Z. (2018). The effectiveness of transport in a toy car for reducing preoperative anxiety in preschool children: a randomised controlled prospective trial. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 121(2), 438–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2018.02.067
National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (UK). Social Anxiety Disorder: Recognition, Assessment and Treatment. Leicester (UK): British Psychological Society; 2013. (NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 159.) 7, INTERVENTIONS FOR CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK327663/
Sezici, E., Ocakci, A. F., & Kadioglu, H. (2017). Use of Play Therapy in Nursing Process: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study. Journal of Nursing Scholarship : An Official Publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing, 49(2), 162–169. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12277
Silva, S. G. T. da, Santos, M. A., Floriano, C. M. de F., Damião, E. B. C., Campos, F. V. de, & Rossato, L. M. (2017). Influence of Therapeutic Play on the anxiety of hospitalized school-age children: Clinical trial. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 70(6), 1244–1249. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0353
Wong, C. L., Ip, W. Y., Kwok, B. M. C., Choi, K. C., Ng, B. K. W., & Chan, C. W. H. (2018). Effects of therapeutic play on children undergoing cast-removal procedures: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, 8(7), e021071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021071
Wulandari, M., Ernawati, M. (2016). Buku Ajar Keperawatan Anak. Yogyakarta :Pustaka pelajar.
Padila, P., Agusramon, A., & Yera, Y. (2019). Terapi Story Telling dan Menonton Animasi Kartun terhadap Ansietas. Journal of Telenursing (JOTING), 1(1), 51-66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31539/joting.v1i1.514
Putri, D. K. (2017). Pengaruh Terapi Bermain terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan Anak Akibat Hospitalisasi pada Anak Usia Pra Sekolah di Bangsal Melati RSUD Dr. Soedirman Kebumen. Doctoral dissertation, STIKES Muhammadiyah Gombong. Diakses dari http://elib.stikesmuhgombong.ac.id/id/eprint/577
Mulyanti, S., & Kusmana, T. (2018). Pengaruh Terapi Bermain Terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan Anak Usia Prasekolah Akibat Hospitalisasi di RSUD Dr. Soekardjo Kota Tasikmalaya. Jurnal BIMTAS: Jurnal Kebidanan Umtas, 2(1), 20-26. Diakses dari https://www.journal.umtas.ac.id/index.php/bimtas/article/view/333
Saputro, H., & Fazrin, I. (2017). Anak Sakit Wajib Bermain di Rumah Sakit: Penerapan Terapi Bermain Anak Sakit; Proses, Manfaat dan Pelaksanaannya. Ponorogo: Forum Ilmiah Kesehatan (FORIKES). ISBN : 978 - 602- 1081 - 44 - 0
Hidayat, A. N., & Asti, A. D. (2019). Terapi Boneka Tangan untuk Menurunkan Ansietas Anak karena Efek Hospitalisasi. Proceeding of The URECOL, 63-68. Diakses dari http://repository.urecol.org/index.php/proceeding/article/view/834
Putri, A. A. L. (2019). Penerapan Terapi Bermain Lego pada Anak Usia Prasekolah yang Mengalami Broncopneumonia dengan Masalah Keperawatan Ansietas Di Ruang D2 RSAL SURABAYA. Undergraduate Thesis, Universitas Nahdatul Ulama Surabaya. Diakses dari http://digilib.unusa.ac.id/data_pustaka-22744.html
Al-Yateem, N, Brenner, M., Shorrab, A. A., & Docherty, C. (2016). Play distraction versus pharmacological treatment to reduce anxiety levels in children undergoing day surgery: a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. Child: Care, Health and Development, 42(4), 572–581. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12343
Al-Yateem, Nabeel, & Brenner, M. (2017). Validation of the Short State Trait Anxiety Inventory (Short STAI) Completed by Parents to Explore Anxiety Levels in Children. Comprehensive Child & Adolescent Nursing, 40(1), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/24694193.2016.1241836
Bumin Aydın, G., Yüksel, S., Ergil, J., Polat, R., Akelma, F. K., Ekici, M., … Odabaş, Ö. (2017). The effect of play distraction on anxiety before premedication administration: a randomized trial. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, 36, 27–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.04.044
CDC. 2020. Anxiety and Depression in Children. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/childrensmentalhealth/depression.html
Coşkuntürk, A. E., & Gözen, D. (2018). The Effect of Interactive Therapeutic Play Education Program on Anxiety Levels of Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery and Their Mothers. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing : Official Journal of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses, 33(6), 781–789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2017.07.009
Kozlowski, J. L., Lusk, P., & Melnyk, B. M. (2015). Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Management of Child Anxiety in a Rural Primary Care Clinic With the Evidence-Based COPE Program. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 29(3), 274–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2015.01.009
Li, W. H. C., Chung, J. O. K., Ho, K. Y., & Kwok, B. M. C. (2016). Play interventions to reduce anxiety and negative emotions in hospitalized children. BMC Pediatrics, 16, 36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-016-0570-5
Liu, P. P., Sun, Y., Wu, C., Xu, W. H., Zhang, R. D., Zheng, J. J., … Wu, J. Z. (2018). The effectiveness of transport in a toy car for reducing preoperative anxiety in preschool children: a randomised controlled prospective trial. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 121(2), 438–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2018.02.067
National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (UK). Social Anxiety Disorder: Recognition, Assessment and Treatment. Leicester (UK): British Psychological Society; 2013. (NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 159.) 7, INTERVENTIONS FOR CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK327663/
Sezici, E., Ocakci, A. F., & Kadioglu, H. (2017). Use of Play Therapy in Nursing Process: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study. Journal of Nursing Scholarship : An Official Publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing, 49(2), 162–169. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12277
Silva, S. G. T. da, Santos, M. A., Floriano, C. M. de F., Damião, E. B. C., Campos, F. V. de, & Rossato, L. M. (2017). Influence of Therapeutic Play on the anxiety of hospitalized school-age children: Clinical trial. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 70(6), 1244–1249. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0353
Wong, C. L., Ip, W. Y., Kwok, B. M. C., Choi, K. C., Ng, B. K. W., & Chan, C. W. H. (2018). Effects of therapeutic play on children undergoing cast-removal procedures: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, 8(7), e021071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021071
Wulandari, M., Ernawati, M. (2016). Buku Ajar Keperawatan Anak. Yogyakarta :Pustaka pelajar.
Published
2021-04-30
How to Cite
Nur Oktavia Hidayati, Sutisnu, A. A., & Nurhidayah, I. (2021). Efektivitas Terapi Bermain terhadap tingkat kecemasan anak yang menjalani hospitalisasi. Jurnal Keperawatan BSI, 9(1), 61-67. Retrieved from http://ejurnal.ars.ac.id/index.php/keperawatan/article/view/394
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